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The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge

Presentation An offense that is deserving of death or detainment for over one year is known as a lawful offense (Johnson, 2008). A lawful offense is considered by law as probably the severest wrongdoing in the criminal equity framework (Johnson, 2008). This paper is planned to explain the whole equity process for a lawful offense criminal accusation recorded in a state court. In such manner, the New York court framework will be utilized as an illustration.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is critical to take note of that a lawful offense criminal case doesn't need to experience every one of these procedures since it can end before it arrives at the preliminary stage. The proposition of this paper is that the way toward taking care of lawful offense criminal cases in a state court is proficient as to guarantee equity for both the blamed and the complaina nt. The Criminal Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge in a State Court Initiation of charges by a complainant This is the principal procedure in managing a lawful offense wrongdoing in a state court. This stage comprises of a capture of a suspect, protest and booking of a lawful offense case; it likewise includes directing examinations. A lawful offense criminal case regularly initiates with a capture of a suspect by a cop. Essential to note is the way that an individual blamed for having carried out a lawful offense wrongdoing might be captured, however not really held in detainment (Johnson, 2008). On the other hand, the individual might be given with an appearance ticket or a Desk Appearance Ticket on account of New York State courts (Johnson, 2008). After the issuance of the ticket, the charged can be discharged from detainment. Curiously, an individual gave with an appearance ticket might be liberated without bail. Following an examination, a criminal case may begin wit h the recording of a lawful offense criminal offense charge. Else, it might begin with data gave by an examiner or cop (Cohen, 2006). In different cases, this comes after an arraignment by an amazing jury (Gibeaut, 2001). After a capture is made, respondents are regularly reserved at a nearby police headquarters or other significant detainment offices. During this procedure, fingerprints and photos of the litigant are taken; these are significant in deciding any earlier crime of the respondent (Cole Smith, 2006). Here the litigant is ensured the option to fair treatment of law under the Fifth and Fourth Amendments, and the privilege to lawful insight. Arraignment of the Defendant in Court This is the subsequent advance in managing a lawful offense criminal case in a state court. The arraignment should consistently be done inside 24 hours of capture, aside from when the period finishes on an end of the week or an occasion (Acker Brody, 2011). During the arraignment, the respondent is educated about the charges recorded against the person in question, told of their entitlement to the administrations of a guidance and educated, inside 144 hours of their capture, of the rights to an underlying hearing (Acker Brody, 2011).Advertising Looking for investigate paper on criminal law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is significant that a lawful offense criminal case may either be excused at this stage, the respondent may concede and get a prompt condemning or the adjudicator may suspend the case. There may likewise be a supplication bartering in this stage. Request haggling is a procedure through which an examiner and the protection counsel haggle to get rid of a lawful offense criminal case. This frequently occurs by lessening the charges and includes condemning (Acker Brody, 2011). Procedures in the wake of Arraigning a Defendant in Court After a defendant’s arraignment in court, an adjudicator may set a state of bail. In the event that the respondent can't bear the cost of the bail sum, the person should remain in authority for 144 hours from the hour of capture (Pollock, 2011). The arraignment must get a prosecution of the litigant by the terrific jury or in any case lead an underlying hearing (Pollock, 2011). On the off chance that both of the two stages isn't taken, at that point the litigant must be without set unequivocally; the investigator can in any case prompt a legitimate reason for special case to the constrained time and henceforth look for broadened confinement of the respondent (Pollock, 2011). During the primer hearing, both the resistance direction and indictment present their contentions. The underlying hearings are typically directed to decide whether there is adequate proof for the case to continue to a full preliminary (Bank, 2002). The indictment may acquire observers to affirm after swearing to tell the truth, in which case the safeguard direction may li kewise interrogate the observers and question the honesty of their proof. Plus, the litigant can postpone the privilege to an underlying hearing. Should this be the situation, at that point the crime case will be passed straightforwardly to the great jury (Gaines Miller, 2012). The terrific jury comprises of somewhere in the range of 16 and 23 residents chose based on a region to decide if sufficient proof exists to arraign the respondent on charges of lawful offense wrongdoings (Howley, 2003). An arraignment might be recorded to contain lawful offense allegations, if at any rate twelve thousand members of the jury find that there is adequate proof to take the case to trial.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, the fantastic legal hearers may see the proof as deficient and henceforth decrease the charges to a wrongdoing; for this situation, the fabulous jury may guide the investigator to document a crime body of evidence against the respondent in a neighborhood criminal court (Howley, 2003). In situations where they find that there is no enough proof, the court must discharge the respondent (Howley, 2003). Now, the body of evidence against the respondent breakdown and no further move can be made. Should the litigant be prosecuted, at that point a post-prosecution arraignment happens. During the post-prosecution arraignment, the respondent is generally told about the charges in their prosecution; the person may enter a supplication of blameworthy or not liable. Moreover, the adjudicator may likewise audit the condition for bail while permitting the respondent to pick whether to enter supplication haggling. In the event that the respondent enters a not liable supplication, the appointed authority defers the case and sets a future date of the consultation procedures (Hails, 2011). Pretrial Proceedings and Hearings In this st age, there are two things that are done: revelation and pre-preliminary movements. Disclosure is the procedure wherein either the resistance counsel or the examiner gathers data in regards to the contradicting lawyer’s case. For this situation, the resistance advice can request any archived record or oral explanation made by a respondent during examinations concerning a lawful offense wrongdoing. Further, the protection insight can likewise demand for defendant’s declaration got during the terrific jury meetings, results of any psychological and physical assessment of the litigant and any criminological test done on the respondent (Levinson, 2002). Hearing might be held to build up whether a movement ought to be allowed. This ought to be done inside 45 days following an arraignment; notwithstanding, the appointed authority can broaden this period dependent on a decent aim. A legal hearing official presents a report to the directing appointed authority over the cases th at have accurate discoveries and legitimate purposes with respect to the movement. The appointed authority utilizes this data to cause a decision and the person in question to can choose to either acknowledge or dismiss them (Levinson, 2002). Preliminary and Post-preliminary Hearings and Motions If the respondent doesn't take the supplication of blameworthy in any progressive stage, a preliminary is led following pre-preliminary movements and hearings. During a preliminary, either a jury or an appointed authority sets up whether the indictment has demonstrated past sensible uncertainty that the respondent is really blameworthy of the crime allegations against the person in question. Note that a respondent accused of a lawful offense wrongdoing has a privilege to a preliminary by a jury; regardless, the litigant may in any case forgo their entitlement to such a preliminary (Acker Brody, 2011).Advertising Searching for examine paper on criminal law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More After the introduction of proof by an examiner and rejoinders by a guard counsel, both the barrier and the indictment convey shutting summations. The adjudicator at that point furnishes headings to the jury with respect to the particular laws to apply, and how to go about it; in any case, the appointed authority may choose to legitimately charge the litigant. From there on, a consistent vote by the jury brings about a favored decision. There is likewise a chance of halfway decision (Acker Brody, 2011). Condemning Many elements decide the sentence given to a litigant. These incorporate the earnestness of the crime accusations, the past feelings of the respondent and the conditions of the lawful offense. The assortments of condemning an indicted litigant may get incorporate a restrictive release, detainment, a fine, compensation, probation and contingent release (Gardner Anderson, 2009). Advance After condemning, the litigant has a privilege to an intrigue. It is essential to take note of that the respondent may have deferred their entitlement to specific interests during the preliminary. All things being equal, the litigant has the option to, in any event, bid a few issues to the investigative court. The notification of offer must be documented inside 30 days following a sentence. The proviso is that a lawyer isn't generally under a commitment to petition for an intrigue; it is the litigant to ask for it (Gardner Anderson, 2009). There are two reason for request. An intrigue might be made if the sentence is, as an issue of law, invalid. For example, the respondent may get a more extended sentence than required based on earlier conviction when, in genuine sense, there probably won't have been any earlier conviction. Furthermore, the defenda

Strategic Planning for South County Hospital in making it a ACO Term Paper

Vital Planning for South County Hospital in making it an ACO - Term Paper Example Low benefit of the clinic has put it at the base of the repayment. South Rhode medical clinic expects to settle this circumstance by joining a heath specialist organization framework, for example, Care New England. This would make it an Accountable Care Organization profiting by the merger with other emergency clinic. This would help the emergency clinic toward coherence of their main goal and accomplishing their vision (Cleverley et.al 288). The merger with different emergency clinics would help South Rhodes medical clinic to obtain better bartering power in getting administrations and different necessities. It would likewise empower SCH to allude a portion of the serious case to different clinics inside the framework. Area One Strategic center Aim of the arrangement This intends to improve the monetary situation of the sc emergency clinic, increment net gain and in general benefit. This will prompt maintainable improvement in monetary execution and proceeded with development in inc ome by improving obligation proportions; proceeded with development in inpatient and careful volumes; proceeded with gains in liquidity Mission explanation; Enriching the personal satisfaction for the southern Rhode Island people group and guests through conveyance of value moderate medicinal services administrations Developing agreeable relationship with other consideration suppliers and advancement of wellbeing through wellbeing instruction and network contribution Vision articulation: To accomplish a sound southern Rhode Island people group through arrangement of value and reasonable wellbeing administrations to every one of our customers To have a network that is educated on human services benefits, their privileges and duties by formation of social insurance mindfulness. Long haul targets The south Rhodes emergency clinic through this key arrangement targets accomplishing the accompanying goals: Improve the repayment position for the medical clinic Increase moderateness of admi nistrations to customers Increase treatment chances to customers through merger with other emergency clinic Diversify implies for paying for the administrations give subsequently increment benefit Key hierarchical capabilities In request to accomplish the above set destinations the emergency clinic the executives needs to have a skillful money related supervisory crew that will investigate the budgetary emergency in the medical clinic. Incredible advertising effort will be important to showcase the new medical clinic arrangements and enhancement for administration conveyance, the promoting office ought to be decided to play out this job. The showcasing effort will likewise be basic in advertising the administrations of the emergency clinic as this made shopper mindfulness. Buyer mindfulness draws in clients into the association which at that point will prompt increment client turnover and deals or incomes. Hierarchical qualities The south area emergency clinic holds the accompanying qualities in their activities toward accomplishing the vital arrangement objectives: quietude, genuineness, industriousness and responsibility. Execution targets The exhibition destinations underneath will shape the premise of deciding the hospital’s execution score. This will be a device to gauge progress towards the accomplishment of the targets set in the vital arrangement. Execution zone Performance Measures Target Time Frame Financial administration Biannual salary figures and benefit estimations Increase in pay position and productivity Achieve a 5% expansion in the benefits 1 year Client and market progress Client turn up record and investigation of patterns: rehashed ensuing visits by customers

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed in a German jail camp in April 1945, matured just 39 and when the war was practically finished. He is commonly viewed as a saint, biting the dust as a result of his huge Christian confidence. His life anyway began as the most youthful child in an enormous, cheerful and well off family. Despite the fact that his dad was a rationalist Bonhoeffer entered the Lutheran service, not at all like his siblings who favored all the more generously compensated carers in law and research. With Hitler’s ascend to control his congregation was not set up to make any remain against him.The theological school, of which he was head, had to move underground. At this period he composed ‘The Cost of Discipleship’ in which he poses the inquiries ‘How do I carry on with a Christian life on the planet? I don't get it's meaning to be a follower of Jesus Christ? ’ From that time he turned out to be politically dynamic against Hitler, in any even t, making a trip to America so as to pick up help. He before long returns as a result of his conviction that in the event that he is to play a functioning job in post-war Germany he should likewise impart the troubles to his people.He moves from the pacifism of figures, for example, Mahatma Ghandi, whom he had would like to visit one day to coordinate move, in any event, participating in a death plot. In 1943, not long after his commitment he is detained. His letters from jail are certain in their inclination. After two years he is moved, first to the death camp at Buchenwald, and afterward to Flossenburg. There he approaches to direct an assistance for different detainees †his writings are Isaiah 53 v 5 which discusses being recuperated by Christ, and 1 Peter 1 v 3 which discusses the expectation of restoration. That equivalent day he is taken to his demise and to interminable life.

Debunking 7 Popular Myths About the Brain

Debunking 7 Popular Myths About the Brain Theories Biological Psychology Print 7 Myths About the Brain Separating Facts From Fictions By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 05, 2018 esenkartal / iStock Vectors / Getty Images More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The human brain is amazing and sometimes mysterious. While researchers are still uncovering the secrets of how the brain works, they have discovered plenty of information about what goes on inside your noggin. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of brain myths out there. The following are just a few of the many myths about the brain. Myth 1: We Use 10% of our Brains Youve probably heard this oft-cited bit of information several times, but constant repetition does not make it any more accurate. People often use this popular urban legend to imply that the mind is capable of much greater things, such as dramatically increased intelligence, psychic abilities, or even telekinesis. Research suggests that all areas of the brain perform some type of function. If the 10-percent myth were true, brain damage would be far less likelyâ€"after all, we would only have to worry about that tiny 10% of our brains being injured. The fact is that damage to even a small area of the brain can result in profound consequences for both cognition and functioning. Brain imaging technologies have also demonstrated that the entire brain shows levels of activity, even during sleep. Myth 2: Brain Damage Is Permanent The brain is  fragile and can be damaged by things such as injury, stroke, or disease. This damage can result in a range of consequences, from mild disruptions in cognitive abilities to complete impairment. Brain damage can be devastating, but is it always permanent? While we often tend to think of brain injuries as lasting, a persons ability to recover from such damage depends upon the severity and the location of the injury. For example, a blow to the head during a football game might lead to a concussion. While this can be quite serious, most people can recover when given time to heal. A severe stroke, on the other hand, can result in dire consequences to the brain that can very well be permanent. However, it is important to remember that the human brain has an impressive amount of plasticity. Even following a serious brain event, such as a stroke, the brain can often heal itself over time and form new connections. Myth 3: People Are Right- or Left-Brained Have you ever heard someone describe themselves as either left-brained or right-brained? This stems from the popular notion that people are either dominated by their right or left brain hemispheres. According to this idea, people who are right-brained tend to be more creative and expressive, while those who are left-brained tend to be more analytical and logical. While experts do recognize that there is lateralization of brain function (that is, certain types of tasks and thinking tend to be more associated with a particular region of the brain), no one is fully right-brained or left-brained. In fact, we tend to do better at tasks when the entire brain is utilized, even for things that are typically associated with a certain area of the brain. Myth 4: Humans Have the Biggest Brains The human brain is quite large in proportion to body size, but another common misconception is that humans have the largest brains of any organism. How big is the human brain? How does it compare to other species? The average adult has a brain weighing in at about three pounds and measuring up to about 15 centimeters in length. The largest animal brain belongs to that of a sperm whale, weighing in at a whopping 18 pounds! Another large-brained animal is the elephant, with an average brain size of around 11 pounds. But what about relative brain size in proportion to body size? Humans must certainly have the largest brains in comparison to their body size, right? Once again, this notion is also a myth. Surprisingly, one animal that holds the largest body size to brain ratios is the shrew, with a brain making up about 10% of its body mass. Myth 5: Brain Cells Die Permanently Traditional wisdom has long suggested that adults only have so many brain cells and that we never form new ones. Once these cells are lost, are they gone for good? In recent years, experts have discovered evidence that the human adult brain does indeed form new cells throughout life, even during old age. The process of forming new brain cells is known as neurogenesis and researchers have found that it happens in at least one important region of the brain called the hippocampus. Myth 6: Drinking Alcohol Kills Brain Cells Partly related to the myth that we never grow new neurons is the idea that drinking alcohol can lead to cell death in the brain. Drink too much or too often, some people might warn, and youll lose precious brain cells that you can never get back. Weve already learned that adults do indeed get new brain cells throughout life, but could drinking alcohol really kill brain cells? While excessive or chronic alcohol abuse can certainly have dire health consequences, experts do not believe that drinking causes neurons to die. In fact, research has shown that even binge drinking doesnt kill neurons. Myth 7: There Are 100 Billion Neurons in the Human Brain The estimate of 100 billion neurons has been repeated so often and so long that no one is completely sure where it originated. In 2009, however, one researcher decided to count neurons in adult brains and found that the number was just a bit off the mark. Based on this research, it appears that the human brain contains closer to 85 billion neurons. So while the often-cited number is a few billion too high, 85 billion is still nothing to sneeze at.

Constitutional Review In Kenya The Kenyan Independence - 550 Words

Constitutional Review In Kenya: The Kenyan Independence (Article Sample) Content: The Kenyan Independence Constitution was fashioned along the lines of the Westminster model. It established a parliamentary system of government with a Prime Minister as Head of Government. The Governor General represented the British monarch as Head of State. The independence constitution contained the parliamentary systems traditional safeguards for ensuring democracy and protection of individual rights. It was designed to ensure regular, free and fair elections. It was designed to ensure an independent judiciary and anon apolitical public service. By the late 19th C, however, the Kenyan constitution had been so adulterated , through amendments, and had lost both the safeguards and its original intention.The population were dissatisfied with the removal of valuable aspects of the Law . such factors led to the clamor for constitutional reform in Kenya.One major dissartisifaction was ;The Dangerously Powerful Presidency At least 16 out of the 127 sections of the c onstitution conferred upon the the Presidency unlimited powers. Further, the Kenyan President cannot be charged in criminal proceedings, nor be sued in a civil court until he has left the presidency.The Kenyan president Could not be impeached even for gross misconduct.The arguments against an inordinately powerful presidency were numerous. only a few are cited for purposes of this essay. First, an exceedingly powerful Presidency weakens the judiciary and the legislature. it also undermined the doctrine of separation ...

The Big Short By Michael Lewis - 1495 Words

The When you think of societal importance, we tend to think of how something will affect the social order of society. After reading all three of the books, it was challenging to choose just one of them to write about. Each one played its own part of significance from women rights, economics tragedy, and exploring the universe. Considering all three of these books were well crafted, THE BIG SHORT by Michael Lewis reflects a template of our community. By showing what can happen if we continue to let the financial system run wild, then showing how it will impact us as an economy like it did in 2008. Two main factors that can be taken away from the book are: Economy and the way of living. The overall resources that contribute to our successful†¦show more content†¦In our society taking hard impacts like these have big influences in our GDP. When a country is in a recession there is limited money to be distributed causing panic to business owners. Leaving them frantically trying to improve on their business and cut workers to save money. Well families suffer from the lack of monetary value and sending our unemployment rate through the roof. Tragic events like this can have an effect on a country for years to come after it takes place. Most students today have no knowledge of the positive and negative change that is accompanied with the chosen reading. Its social importance is to initiate students to have some knowledge of the financial system. Most already are apart of our labor work force; well others have yet to begun their journey in the force. For these students they are tomorrow geniuses, doctors, lawyers, etc. if there is no economy to head into due to a recession then these job specialties will be useless. Making sure students understand how the economy works and what the positive benefits are for it. Such as being becoming and entrepreneur and attempting to earn a profit on goods and services additionally creating jobs for the community. Small steps like this are beneficial to our students, as well as educating them on what exactly happens to our money when they invest it. For example, we all know attending school is beneficial yet expensive. Most students don’t have the

How to Find Time to Exercise in College

Finding time to exercise in college can be a challenge for even the most diligent of students. At the same time, however, being physically active can be an important part of staying healthy during your time in school. So how can you find the time and energy to make sure you exercise in college? Go to class in your gym clothes. Keep it appropriate for class, of course, but if youre already in comfy shoes, running shorts/pants, and a t-shirt, youll be much more likely to pop into the gym after class.Walk to class the long way. Sure, you could take the campus shuttle, catch a ride with a friend, or cut through that creepy grove of trees behind the library, but taking the long way to class is a great way to sneak in a 20-minute workout during an otherwise busy day.Bike to class. You dont have to treat your rides like they to have it be productive. But riding your bike to and from class is a good way to get a little exercise in -- and help the environment, too.Hit the gym between classes. You know that hour you usually use to chat with friends, grab a coffee, and generally just mosey around? Mosey to the gym, catch up with your friends while on the treadmills, and grab a coffee en route to your next class. Youll still get your regular between-class activities in while also sneak ing in a quick workout.Exercise with a friend. One of the best tricks for making sure you get your workout in is to do it with a friend -- at the gym, in a pick-up game, playing touch football. No matter what you do, you can hold each other accountable, motivate each other, and make the time go quickly once you do start your workouts.Do your homework at the gym. Have some less-than-exciting reading you just need to get through? Set yourself up on a bike at the gym, put in some headphones, and get through your reading while also getting through your workout.Sign up for an exercise class and treat it like an academic class. Sign up for a yoga or other exercise class and treat it just like a real class. Make sure you show up every week and do what youre required to do each session. Added bonus: A scheduled class means you dont always have to feel like you should be going to the gym, since you know youll be going every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 3:30.Sign up for an exercise class that is a real class. Many universities offer exercise classes that you can get credit for. True, they may be harder than your normal whenever-I-feel-like-it workouts, but they may make you more likely to work out.Make a reward system. Consider setting something up, like a Google shared a calendar or even something you hang up in your room, where your friend and you keep track of your workouts. At the end of the month, for example, whoever was most consistent, worked out the most, etc., gets treated by the others to something fun (dinner out? pedicure? iTunes gift card?).Join an intramural sports team. Intramural teams are a great way to get exercise while in school. The workouts are fun and you can meet a lot of new people, learn more about a sport, and generally have a great time that doesnt feel nearly as dreary as running laps alone.

How Is the United States Economy Effected If Most...

There are a lot of different pros and cons when asking this question. In my opinion this would be terrible idea because every economic system is not the same. Therefore if this were to take place it would it automatically eliminate a numerous amount of great opportunities and achievements that the United States economy has worked so hard for, for so long. Loss of national sovereignty being a tremendous downfall for the United States economy being that the whole goal of the United States were to be independent. In such a union, not every member country is as strong or weak as the others economically or structurally. Meaning right now the United States as well as other countries have certain boundaries and threshold within their†¦show more content†¦in the same bracket. Would the U.S. be willing to accept that? How would the hypothetical global central bank decide on common interest rates for underdeveloped countries like Somalia, emerging countries like India and developed co untries like the U.S.? There would be mayhem! A few countries may gain, but a number of countries might just go into crisis the very next day. I believe this statement to be very true due to the fact that every country is economically equal so this would only benefit countries that have a good economic system. What the Euro experience has taught us is that even countries which are not vastly different from each other in terms of economic health, can face a phenomenal crisis within just 10 years of the creation of the single union. How then would you expect a global currency encompassing countries with vastly different structures, in vastly different stages of growth and using vastly different means of managing their economies to be stable? Its not only improbable, but close to impossible! I agree 100% with this article because it only makes since to be independent as countries everything that the united states has worked for would go to waste due to the fact that everything that th e us economy has have been built on freedom and independence if most countries were to come together as 1, It would only defeat the purpose of everything that the countries have created on their own. The last thing that should beShow MoreRelatedInternational Monetary System5852 Words   |  24 Pagesinternational trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are the mechanics of how currency and capital flows internationally? International Monetary System - Institutional framework within which: 1. International payments are made 2. Movements of capitalRead MoreInternational Monetary System5858 Words   |  24 Pagesinternational trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are the mechanics of how currency and capital flows internationally? International Monetary System - Institutional framework within which: 1. International payments are made 2. Movements of capitalRead MoreThe Full Convertibility of Renminbi: Consequences and Influences8173 Words   |  33 PagesThe Full convertibility of Renminbi: Consequences and Influences Abstract This paper indicates the issue of full convertibility for the Chinese currency, Renminbi(RMB), and its impact on the economy of China. 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They were united as a federalRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfrom the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 5938 6 For information on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http:/ /books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature

James Otis s No Taxation Without Representation Essay

England s introduction of the intolerable acts upon American colonists created a ripple effect which they did not anticipate, which completely changed the views of many colonists. These colonists went on to become the voices that fueled the American Revolutionary War and spread the messages of liberty, freedom, and a new way of life. Some voices stood out more so than the rest, their names became etched in our history books their thoughts and beliefs paving the way for the Revolution. One such colonist is James Otis wrote a series of patriotic pamphlets outlining his views on the colonies state of affairs , one of those pamphlets is The Rights of British Colonies Asserted and Proved written in 1763. In The Rights of British Colonies Asserted and Proved James Otis outlines his perspectives on government s rights and the rights of the people , these perspectives revolutionized colonial opinions and made famous the quote† no taxation without representation.† James Otis was born in 1725 and died in 1783 during that time he lived an eventful and meaningful life. James Otis graduated from Harvard in 1743 and became a successful lawyer in Boston, his experience in law played a large role in his understanding and opinions of the events leading up to the American Revolution. He became a representative to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and was famous for his argument against the renewal of writs of assistance in 1761(1). 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Morgan Notes James Otis – 1765 â€Å"Were these colonies left to themselves tomorrow, America would be a mere shambles of blood and confusion . . . . there would soon be civil war from one end of the continent to the other.† 20 years later these same people united to create a government that has had a longer continuous existence than that of any Western country except England. P. 8 - Colonial governors helpless to take action without the assistance of the representativeRead MoreBoston Tea Party Book. . . Chapter 1: Revolutionary990 Words   |  4 PagesPatriots would lose. Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre was a shooting in boston by the British soldiers which happened in March 5, 1770, The British while attacked by a mob without order and shot at the crowd killing 3, 2 more people died later by wounds caused by this. The men that were found guilty of shooting the citizens without command were sentenced to a branding on there hand. 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In Economics Free Essays

Bush’s actions have placed America in a devastating position by altering its funding to the top 10% households. We, as a nation, must find ways to adapt to the ever-changing effects to the fluctuating income rates of the bottom 90% of households that are strained through his tax cuts. Middle-income families are harnessing a 23% loss of income due to the tax cuts; what will come of their living conditions? The lower ends of households have experienced some unfortunate hits to their income capabilities because of the tax cuts. We will write a custom essay sample on In Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, more of the concern has gone from what is Bush’s real objective in handling these new ventures. In some ways, I feel that Bush has taken the nation by storm by making complementary movements to increase the income of the $1,000,000,000+ households to gain their favor. The motivations behind this economic trivia could be examples of the supply and demand scenario in which he supplies more loopholes for the rich and they will demand his stay in office. This conclusion may seem a bit far fetched, but it accurate considering the changes our nation will undergo if his tax cuts remain permanent. If permanent tax cuts exist, the existence of a constrained economy could harm our nation’s lead in industrial developments. He places younger generations in a bind through reducing funding (the $90 billion lost in tax reductions) from getting a good education. President Bush’s actions are seemingly inappropriate and this has robbed individuals with lower-paying jobs in need of additional benefits. Not to seem negative, but I feel he has done this to keep his ‘friends’ of the wealthy families on the top of their game. Why would a president strip his own nation of their needed funding? Many people will lose out on jobs (reduced budgeting/outsourcing), benefits ($90 billion from taxes), and help (Social Security). I feel that this could hurt our nation in more ways than one. More issues may arise that are unforeseen at the moment, but it is possible that we will endure a long and hard recovery. According to the article, the government has lost $90 billion dollars each year he has been in office. President Bush entered office in 2000; six times $90 billion is plenty of money we could have used to better our nation or the world. For instance, what will happen to financial aid that is available to college students? Will college students have to pay out of pocket fees although the 90% bottom households are losing funds through tax cuts? This could be one issue many economic students and studies should be undertaken to determine the frets it will place on our position as a world leader. In accordance to lost financial aid, some students will not have the adequate qualifications to get the appropriate technical training to excel in a technological world. Our New Economy will lead to an unstable and incomparable society of education-lacked generations. Another issue will be the benefits taken away from lower-paying jobs. Many of these individuals pay high insurance fees in order to secure preventative health care. Certain programs such as Blue Shield as well as Blue Cross will find less funding an appropriate answer for senior citizens and low-income families impossible. Besides these obvious effects of the tax cuts, we have to worry about the future. Should we start bracing ourselves for a turbulent economy with a lack of funding in the bottom 90% who are working hard to contribute to the nation? The answer lies in the equilibrium that will eventually happen within the government. Â   How to cite In Economics, Essay examples

Holocaust (4428 words) Essay Example For Students

Holocaust (4428 words) Essay Holocaust(1)INTRODUCTION The Holocaust is the most horrifying crime against humanity of alltimes. Hitler, in an attempt to establish the pure Aryan race, decidedthat all mentally ill, gypsies, non supporters of Nazism, and Jews were to beeliminated from the German population. He proceeded to reach his goal in asystematic scheme. One of his main methods of doing away withthese undesirable was through the use of concentration camps. In January 1941, in a meeting with his top officials the final solutionwas decided. Jews were to be eliminated from the population. Auschwitz wasthe concentration camp that carried out Hitlers final solution ingreater numbers than any other. In this paper I will discuss concentration campswith a detailed description of the most well- known one, Auschwitz. (2)CONCENTRATION CAMPS The first concentration camps were set up in 1933. In theearly days of Hitler, concentration camps were places that held people inprotective custody. Victims for protective custody included those who were bothphysically and mentally ill, gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, Jews andanyone against the Nazi regime. Gypsies were classified as people withatleast two gypsy great grandparents. By the end of 1933 there wereatleast fifty concentration camps throughout occupied Europe. At first,the camps were controlled by the Gestapo (police), but by 1934 the S.S. (Hitlers personal security force) were ordered, by Hitler, to control thecamps. Camps were set up for different purposes. Some for forced labor,others for medical experiments and, later on, for death/ extermination. Transition camps were set up as holding places for death camps. HenrickHimmler, chief of the German police, the Gestapo, thought that the camps wouldprovide an economic base for the soldiers. This did not happen. The workforce was poorly organized and working conditions were inhumane. Therefore,productivity was minimal. Camps were set up along railroad lines, so that theprisoners would be conveniently close to their destination. As they were beingtransported, the soldiers kept telling the Jews to have hope. (3) When the campswere finally opened, most of the families who were shipped out together ended upbeing separated. Often, the transports were a sampling of what went on in thecamps, cruelty by the officers, near starvation of those being transported,fetid and unsanitary conditions on the trains. On the trains, Jews werestarved of food and water for days. Many people did not survive the ride toarrive at the camp. Jews were forced to obey the guards orders from themoment they arrive d at the camps. If they didnt, they would be beaten,put into solitary confinement or shot. The prisoners usually had marks ontheir clothes or numbers on their arms to identify them. The sanitary conditionsof the camps were horrible. There was only one bathroom for four hundredpeople. They had to stand for hours in snow, rain, heat, or cold for role-call,which was twice a day. Within the first few days of being at the camps,thousands of people died of hunger, starvation and disease. Other people diedfrom the cruel punishments of the guards; beatings and torture. Typhus, adisease caused by germs carried by flies, was the main disease that spreadthroughout the camps. Even when people were sick, they still continued workingbecause they did not see that sickness meant death. In 1937, 7,000 Jewswere in camps. By 1938, 10,000 more Jews were sent to camps. Jews weretaken to camps if they expressed negative feelings about the government, if theymarried a non-Jew, if they were sick (mentally or physically), or if they had apolice record. (4) When someone escaped from the camp, all the prisonersin that group were shot. Nazis, who claimed that they did not necessarily hateJews, but wanted to preserve the Aryan race, seemed to enjoy making the Jewssuffer. They also felt that slavery was better than killing their prisoners. Gold fillings, wedding bands, jewelry, shoes and clothing were taken fromthe prisoners when they first entered the camps and were sold. Surroundingsome of the camps in Poland was a forest, that the Jews who planned to escapewould flee into. Before the escaped prisoners got very far, they were killed. When the Germans caught a Jew planning a rebellion, and the Jew refused toname his/her associates, the Germans would bring everyone from his/her barracksout and force him/her to watch the Germans mutilate the others. The peoplewho could not run away from the camps dreamt about revolt. Special areas of acamp were set aside for medical experiments. One doctor in a medical unitperformed an experiment in sterilization. He injected a substance intowomens ovaries to sterilize them. The injection resulted in temperature andinflammation of the ovaries. Joseph Mengels, one of the most notoriousNazi doctors, hummed opera tunes when selecting among the new arrivals thevictims for the gas chambers or medical experiments. His women victims forsterilization were usually 20-30 years of age. Other experiments includedputting inmates into high pressure chambers to test the effects of altitude onpilots. Some inmates were frozen to (5) determine the best way to revive frozenGerman soldiers. (6) DEATH C AMPS The first death camp, Chelmno, wasset up in Poland on December 8, 1941. This was five weeks before the WannseeConference at which time the final solution was planned out. Usually,the death camps were part of existing camps, but some new ones were just set upfor this purpose. When the prisoners first arrived at the camps, those sent tothe left were transferred to death camps. When Jews entered the death camps,their suitcases, baby bottles, shawls, and eyeglasses were taken and were sold. Once in the death camps the prisoners were again divided. Women were sent to oneside to have their hair shaven and the men to the other. They were allsent to the showers, naked with a bar of soap, so as to deceive them intobelieving that they were truly going into a shower. Most people smelled theburning bodies and knew the truth. There were six death camps; Chelmno,Treblinka, Auschwitz (Birkenau), Sobibor, Maidanek, and Belzec. These camps usedgas from the shower heads to murder their victims. A seventh death camp,Mauthausen, used a method called extermination through labor. (7)AUSCHWITZ Auschwitz, located in Poland, was Nazi Germanys largest concentrationcamp. It was established by order of Himmler on April 27, 1940. At first, it wassmall because it was a work camp for Polish and Soviet prisoners of war. Itbecame a death camp in 1941. Auschwitz was divided into three areas:Auschwitz 1 was the camp commanders headquarters and administrative offices. Auschwitz 2 was called Birkenau and it was the death camp with forty gaschambers. Auschwitz 3 was a slave labor camp. On the gate ofAuschwitz was a sign in German which read, Arbeit macht frei, which means workmakes you free. Auschwitz included camp sites a few miles away from themain complex. At these sites, slave labor was used to kill the people. Theworking conditions were so poor that death was a sure result. In March26, 1942, Auschwitz took women prisoners, but after August 16, 1942 the womenwere housed in Birkenau. When the Jews arrived at Auschwitz, they were metwith threats and promises. If they didnt do exactly as they were told,they would be beaten, deprived of food, or shot. From time to time, they wouldbe assured that things would get better. The daily meals in Auschwitzconsisted of watery soup, distributed once a day, with a small piece of bread. In addition, they got extra allowance consisting of 3/4 ounce of margarine, alittle piece of cheese or a spoonful of watered jam. Everyone in the camp was somalnourished that if a drop of soup spilled (8) prisoners would rush from allsides to see if they could get some of the soup. Because of the badsanitary conditions, the inadequate diet, the hard labor and other torturousconditions in Auschwitz, most people died after a few months of theirarrival. The few people who managed to stay alive for longer were the oneswho were assigned better jobs. The prisoners slept on three shelves ofwooden slabs with six of these units to each tier. They had to stand for hoursin the wet and mud during role call, which was twice a day. Some people thoughtthe reason hundreds of people died, daily, was because when it rained they laywith wet clothes in their bunks. In place of toilets, there were woodenboards with round holes and underneath them concretes troughs. Two or threehundred people could sit on them at once. While they were on these troughs theywere watched in order to assure that they did not stay too long. There wasno toilet paper, so the prisoners used linings of jackets. If they didnt havethey might steal from someone else. The smells were horrible because therewasnt enough water to clean the Latrine, the so called bathrooms. When peoplewere loaded onto trains to be taken to the gas chambers, they were told thatthey were being resettled in labor camps. This was one of the manylies told. It was impossible for the Jews to make out which building was the gaschambers because they looked presentable from the outside, just like any otherbuilding. Over the gas chambers were well kept lawns with flowers borderingthem. When the Jews were being taken to the gas chambers, (9) they thought theywere being taken to the baths. While people were waiting for them baths,a group of women prisoners, dressed in navy skirts and white shirts, played verydelightful music. In Auschwitz, Jews were killed by something calledLykon B. It was hydrogen cyanide which was poured through the ceiling of the gaschambers and turned into gas. The S.S. commanders of Auschwitz preferred LykonB. because it worked fast. At first, there were five gas chambers inAuschwitz, the procedure for gassing was as follows : About 900 peoplewere gassed at a time. First they undressed in a nearby room. Then, they weretold to go into another room to be deloused, They filled the gas chambers likepacked like sardines. After a few minutes of horrible suffering, the victimsdied. The bodies were then transported to ovens where they were burned.The gas chambers were not large enough to execute great numbers at a time, socrematoria were built. The crematoria would burn 2,000 bodies in less than 24hours. An elevator would take them from the dressing room to the crematoria. Gay marriage EssayGold fillings, wedding bands, jewelry, shoes and clothing were taken fromthe prisoners when they first entered the camps and were sold. Surroundingsome of the camps in Poland was a forest, that the Jews who planned to escapewould flee into. Before the escaped prisoners got very far, they were killed. When the Germans caught a Jew planning a rebellion, and the Jew refused toname his/her associates, the Germans would bring everyone from his/her barracksout and force him/her to watch the Germans mutilate the others. The peoplewho could not run away from the camps dreamt about revolt. Special areas of acamp were set aside for medical experiments. One doctor in a medical unitperformed an experiment in sterilization. He injected a substance intowomens ovaries to sterilize them. The injection resulted in temperature andinflammation of the ovaries. Joseph Mengels, one of the most notoriousNazi doctors, hummed opera tunes when selecting among the new arrivals thevictims for the gas chambers or medical experiments. His women victims forsterilization were usually 20-30 years of age. Other experiments includedputting inmates into high pressure chambers to test the effects of altitude onpilots. Some inmates were frozen to (5) determine the best way to revive frozenGerman soldiers. (6) DEATH C AMPS The first death camp, Chelmno, wasset up in Poland on December 8, 1941. This was five weeks before the WannseeConference at which time the final solution was planned out. Usually,the death camps were part of existing camps, but some new ones were just set upfor this purpose. When the prisoners first arrived at the camps, those sent tothe left were transferred to death camps. When Jews entered the death camps,their suitcases, baby bottles, shawls, and eyeglasses were taken and were sold. Once in the death camps the prisoners were again divided. Women were sent to oneside to have their hair shaven and the men to the other. They were allsent to the showers, naked with a bar of soap, so as to deceive them intobelieving that they were truly going into a shower. Most people smelled theburning bodies and knew the truth. There were six death camps; Chelmno,Treblinka, Auschwitz (Birkenau), Sobibor, Maidanek, and Belzec. These camps usedgas from the shower heads to murder their victims. A seventh death camp,Mauthausen, used a method called extermination through labor. (7)AUSCHWITZ Auschwitz, located in Poland, was Nazi Germanys largest concentrationcamp. It was established by order of Himmler on April 27, 1940. At first, it wassmall because it was a work camp for Polish and Soviet prisoners of war. Itbecame a death camp in 1941. Auschwitz was divided into three areas:Auschwitz 1 was the camp commanders headquarters and administrative offices. Auschwitz 2 was called Birkenau and it was the death camp with forty gaschambers. Auschwitz 3 was a slave labor camp. On the gate ofAuschwitz was a sign in German which read, Arbeit macht frei, which means workmakes you free. Auschwitz included camp sites a few miles away from themain complex. At these sites, slave labor was used to kill the people. Theworking conditions were so poor that death was a sure result. In March26, 1942, Auschwitz took women prisoners, but after August 16, 1942 the womenwere housed in Birkenau. When the Jews arrived at Auschwitz, they were metwith threats and promises. If they didnt do exactly as they were told,they would be beaten, deprived of food, or shot. From time to time, they wouldbe assured that things would get better. The daily meals in Auschwitzconsisted of watery soup, distributed once a day, with a small piece of bread. In addition, they got extra allowance consisting of 3/4 ounce of margarine, alittle piece of cheese or a spoonful of watered jam. Everyone in the camp was somalnourished that if a drop of soup spilled (8) prisoners would rush from allsides to see if they could get some of the soup. Because of the badsanitary conditions, the inadequate diet, the hard labor and other torturousconditions in Auschwitz, most people died after a few months of theirarrival. The few people who managed to stay alive for longer were the oneswho were assigned better jobs. The prisoners slept on three shelves ofwooden slabs with six of these units to each tier. They had to stand for hoursin the wet and mud during role call, which was twice a day. Some people thoughtthe reason hundreds of people died, daily, was because when it rained they laywith wet clothes in their bunks. In place of toilets, there were woodenboards with round holes and underneath them concretes troughs. Two or threehundred people could sit on them at once. While they were on these troughs theywere watched in order to assure that they did not stay too long. There wasno toilet paper, so the prisoners used linings of jackets. If they didnt havethey might steal from someone else. The smells were horrible because therewasnt enough water to clean the Latrine, the so called bathrooms. When peoplewere loaded onto trains to be taken to the gas chambers, they were told thatthey were being resettled in labor camps. This was one of the manylies told. It was impossible for the Jews to make out which building was the gaschambers because they looked presentable from the outside, just like any otherbuilding. Over the gas chambers were well kept lawns with flowers borderingthem. When the Jews were being taken to the gas chambers, (9) they thought theywere being taken to the baths. While people were waiting for them baths,a group of women prisoners, dressed in navy skirts and white shirts, played verydelightful music. In Auschwitz, Jews were killed by something calledLykon B. It was hydrogen cyanide which was poured through the ceiling of the gaschambers and turned into gas. The S.S. commanders of Auschwitz preferred LykonB. because it worked fast. At first, there were five gas chambers inAuschwitz, the procedure for gassing was as follows : About 900 peoplewere gassed at a time. First they undressed in a nearby room. Then, they weretold to go into another room to be deloused, They filled the gas chambers likepacked like sardines. After a few minutes of horrible suffering, the victimsdied. The bodies were then transported to ovens where they were burned.The gas chambers were not large enough to execute great numbers at a time, socrematoria were built. The crematoria would burn 2,000 bodies in less than 24hours. An elevator would take them from the dressing room to the crematoria. It took 30 minutes to kill 2,500 victims, but close to 24 hours to burnthe bodies. Many Jews and non Jews tried to escape from Auschwitz. Somesucceeded. Of course they wanted to inform the world of what was going on. Thosewho escaped wrote descriptions of the horrors they suffered. Information spreadto many countries, yet no countries seemed to do anything to help the situation. In fact, as the war progressed, the number of prisoners increased. Intotal, between 1.5 and 3.5 million Jews were murdered at Auschwitz between the(10) years 1940 and 1945. Where were our brothers in America when millionsof Jews died? (11) CONCLUSION The Nazis, under Hitler, organized the destructionof the Jews. Why they did it is unknown. Perhaps it was because of a history oftension between the Christians and Jews, or perhaps, because Hitler needed ascapegoat for Germanys problems. People throughout history have been murdered;but never as many people as during the Holocaust in such a short period of time. 1/3 of all the Jews in the world were eliminated. The estimated total issomewhere around six million. This number included Jews from all over Europe. There were also 500,000 non- Jews murdered. Hitlers method of killing thejews and other undesirable people was first by torture and then by plain murder. In the early days of his leadership, he took away their rights as citizens andthen as people. They were treated like slaves and lived like animals. After1942, his goal was to exterminate all Jewish and unpure people. ManyJews were killed before that date, but they were a small number compared to themass murdering of the Holocaust. We Must Never Forget are thewords that every Jew must remember. By not forgetting, we are preventing anotherholocaust from occurring. We are also letting the entire world know and rememberthe millions of loved ones lost in the horrible killing that we call theholocaust. (12) BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauer, Yehuda. A History of the Holocaust. NewYork: Franklin Watts, 1982. Chartock, Roselle. The Holocaust Years: Society onTrial. New York: Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith, 1978. Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. NewYork: Holt, Reinhardt Winston, 1985. Meltzer, Milton. Never to Forget theJews of the Holocaust. New York: Harper Row, 1976. Rossel, Seymour. TheHolocaust. New York

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Example

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Paper My friend comes from the city of Sarajevo, filled with excellent history and the thriving In Bosnian culture. It Is located In southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, and takes In culture from Its neighbors of Croatia and Serbia. My friend kindly Invited me to her home where she lives with her mother, father and brother. They told me the story of Immigrating to America from their home only a few years back, and of the culture shock they experienced having to learn a new language, new customs, and an overall new way of life. Basic Bosnian words were taught to me during dinner as we ate one of the most popular and traditional meals called Icecap. It is a national dish in Bosnia consisting of grilled minced meat, and served on a plate tit chopped onions and sour cream on a flattered. I found it interesting to compare something to our American national dish which is cheeseburgers, or hot dogs, and found out that Escapes are everywhere in cafes, restaurants, on the street and a regular staple in the home. Dessert was Just as fulfilling, eating Baklava and sipping on espresso from tiny cups her mother made. Growing up locally in Bellevue, events that I usually attended were concerts, or dance classes like ballet or hip hop in the usual leggings and leotard. I learned that the activities best known to the Bosnian culture is its regional folk costumes and encase. Youth frequently attend folklore festivals that are commonly spread throughout the year, and I found it interesting to find out we hold these huge festivals locally here in Seattle and also in Boise, Idaho. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My friend dances in one of the dance groups, and took me to one of her dance practices in Tequila. Dances are performed in separate groups of men, women and children, and the participants are linked by holding hands and waving colorful handkerchiefs. The music consisted of Slavic music and traditional instruments too with drums, violins, and flutes. All the omen looked beautiful in their folk costumes with silk pants consisting of colors such as red, gold and white, and a head dressing called a ducat made of old coins with pearls to show feminism. The shirts worn by women are cotton and very loose, covered by a dark vest In black and purple, and the entire outfit Is stitched In gold thread. I learned that Bosnian women pride themselves In wearing gold Jewelry as opposed to silver because It radiates warmth and fervently. When It came to Bosnian pop culture, my friend played her favorite songs by Leap Brenna. Which sounds like a Bosnian version of our Bribery Spears. Hip hop music recently started to thrive in Sarajevo with familiar beats and popular songs by the rapper Eddo Mask. In our American society, one of the most popular comedic shows is Sniffed. My friend and I watched a short episode of Loud Stunned Normal which resembles I TTS comedy. A tong Llanos unreason teen language, I enumerators plot and characters and found humor in the show. Also, in American society we have superstitions such as black cats give bad luck, thirteen is an unlucky number, and breaking a mirror will give you bad luck for the time of seven years. Bosnian are more superstitious than the American culture, as I have learned from my experience. While my friend was driving us to her dance class She asked me to punch her in the nose and I had no idea why she would ask me. I did as she asked me, and informed me that an itchy nose will cause anger and a bad mood. Other commonly believed superstitions are that if your right ear itches, then someone is thinking of you, and if your left ear does, then someone is talking very badly of you. Our world is based on a mixture of different groups of people, attitudes, customs ND values that are learned from one another. All of our different cultures blend into our society and impact the way we relate and understand each other. By immersing myself in my friends foreign culture, and learning about her Bosnian customs and way of life, I learned that although our cultures are different, we are marked by a similarity. We might speak different languages, yet we express the same feelings and have similar values. Through this experience I enjoyed very much to learn about a different cultural perception and way of life as I began to recognize mine in the process.

Sample Essays on Drugs and Alcohol

Sample Essays on Drugs and AlcoholYou can't find a college writing sample on alcohol and drug use that doesn't feature an alcoholic or other such addict, or at least someone in the thrall of alcohol. If you want to be prepared for your entry essay, here are some sample essays about drugs and alcohol that will help you.This sample essay on drugs and alcohol looks at drug use by families, particularly through the life of a young person, and the effects it has on everyone who is around the family. It also includes stories from the author's own childhood, and some more personal anecdotes that are intended to illustrate the topic. The essay begins with a section on contemporary issues surrounding drug and alcohol abuse, and then proceeds to talk about the drugs themselves, the people who use them, and their social impacts.This sample essay on drugs and alcohol is also meant to be funny, but also to be devastatingly realistic. It begins with a story about how an alcoholic daughter decided to use her mother's body as her own, and in doing so took the life of the woman who raised her. Then, it discusses the wide range of drugs that can cause harm, from prescription medication to street drugs.This sample essay on drugs and alcohol starts off with the question 'What is alcohol?' The essays writer answers this question with a list of common substances that are related to alcohol, including wine, whiskey, brandy, and beer. The essay then goes on to examine the various reasons why a person might take drugs or drink alcohol.This essay is meant to be read as a whole, rather than merely an essay on drugs and alcohol, so there are no real conversations and no references to actual personal issues. Instead, the writer presents general information that he or she has gleaned from newspapers, television, and from reading books and magazines. At the end of the essay, the author answers any questions that the reader may have.This essay on drugs and alcohol focuses on the suffering tha t many addicts go through. The writer talks about how some addiction can affect a person's life in a negative way, including physical pain, inability to work, loss of friends, and an overall feeling of failure. At the same time, this essay looks at the positive effects that alcohol and drug abuse can have on a person. The writer discusses the benefits of learning to play games like drinking games, how alcohol makes people happier, and how the work environment can be changed when employees start to drink.This essay on drugs and alcohol deals with the often humorous ways that people with problems like alcoholism adapt to their problems. The author speaks of situations where people with addictions were forced to enter the bar scene, or where they had to sell themselves because their habits were ruining their lives. He also speaks of how people with addictions are often found doing something good for a while and also of how individuals with addictions work hard to make their lives bette r.This sample essay on drugs and alcohol is meant to help people who are interested in taking the next step in their education. In addition to learning about how drugs and alcohol have affected our society, people who write these essays learn what it means to be an addict, and about the benefits that they can reap when they decide to make the right choice.

Irans Influence on the Balance of Power in the Middle East

Irans Influence on the Balance of Power in the Middle East Introduction The security of the Persian-Gulf region that is often influenced by the balance of power has been a problem to the security and stability of the region. The balance of power is based on the â€Å"zero-sum† basis game as well as the emergence of the rival actors in the region1.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iran’s Influence on the Balance of Power in the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This kind of system has resulted to wars in the region, tension, distrust, crises, and wars. With new developments in the region in terms of the political security especially in Iraq after the fall Saddam Hussein, the issue of the balance of power and the controller of the region has been a major problem. Iran and the US have been the major actors controlling the balance of power in the region. The issue of security in the region and maintaining stability in the region has been the caus e of Iran’s intention to influence the balance of power in the region. The role played by Iran in the region is often as a result of US strategy in the region. In the international zone at the moment, countries such as the United States and Russia are making attempts to reduce the production of nuclear weapons in the world, because Iran’s influence is due to its capability to produce nuclear weapons that has been a cause of concern not only to the Middle East but also the world. Iran’s nuclear weapon program has changed the balance of power in the Middle East region and with time it is likely to affect other country’s national security in the world. However, with the United States involved in other wars in the region, Iran’s balance of power influence is likely to continue through production of nuclear weapons that would further â€Å"complicate† an already volatile region2. This paper will look at the likely scenarios in the future in respe ct to Iran’s power influence in the Middle East through LAMP analysis that shall come up with future predictions based on the research questions that are â€Å"outlined† below3. This paper is not however intended to look at whether Iran is likely to continue with its nuclear power production. However, it will consider the reactions of the main actors such as the US, Israel and Egypt in relation to Iran’s balance of power influence.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose of Study This paper aims to address the issue on Irans influence in the Middle East in the wake of the Arab unrest. It further discusses why Iran wanted to dominate the Middle East and its selfish ambitions and to the benefit of the region. Assumptions of the Study Some of the assumptions included: All the people involved in answering the questions would read prope rly and they were not medically unfit to prevent them from understanding the questions. Research Questions This paper aims at answering the question on why Iran has influenced the balance of power in the Middle East. It is important to know that the Iranian â€Å"subversion† has been the most feared attacks in the Middle East4. The ant-American activities led by Iran are of most concern to these states as they seek lasting peace in the region. Another question that this paper aim to answer is the potential reactions by countries such as Israel, the US, and Egypt to Irans â€Å"attainment† of nuclear power weapons5. Literature Review Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the country has a long withstanding history and the current debates that have dominated most books and the media with regard to Iran’s balance of power influence in the Middle East. Nevertheless, Iran’s history is much â€Å"complicated† disregard the recent developments and her inf luence in the region. Much of its history, shows that the country has been a key player in the region’s strategic policies and its location has given the country an added advantage in â€Å"bridging the gap† between the East Asian countries and the Middle Eastern region6. Iran had become a major trading centre for both the Eastern and the Western countries by 1935, even though this caused conflicts with other countries, Iran remained independent in its affairs at this time. However, during the period of 1700’s Turkey started to cover some sections of Persia as Iran was formerly known while Britain too came later and started to influence her power in Iran?Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iran’s Influence on the Balance of Power in the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Britain had managed to control Iran’s affairs however this was for a short time since by late 19 60’s Iran had changed socially, culturally and politically with the help of the outside countries. However, Iran managed to control the Middle East with the emergence of the new Emperor after the World War I. During the reign of Rezah Shah Iran changed militarily becoming a major force in the Middle East. Iran never managed to become a republic because of strong opposition from the religious leaders. With this opposition, however, developments and changes in areas such as the reformation of the judicial system, building of infrastructure like the trans-Iranian Railway, and improving the education system7. Whichever way the opposition from religious leaders would change the course of Iran’s emergence in becoming a major force in the Middle East and becoming a republican that would change the religious doctrines to approach life in a more secular way. The continued trend to modernize Iran, and the diplomatic and economic relationship with the other Middle East countries continued with future leaders who arose to power. After 1980, the nuclear weapon production issue by Iran started to become a major problem in the international community, this resulted poor relations between Iran and the Western countries, and this poor relations hold up until now. It is believed that energy, security and competition for the resources in the region are some of the main reasons for Iran’s major force in the region. The Middle East countries can therefore allow Iran to take control of most of the region’s affairs and avoid competition from the other countries of the world. This is well taken by countries such as the US who have adopted the same strategies of â€Å"containment† and implementation in the region8. Theoretical Framework Most of the information found in literature gives the required information on the historical ties and tensions between the various Middle East counties and how such relationships are likely to affect the balance of po wer in the region. This research is to show how Iran’s nuclear power program has affected the balance of power in the region.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, other research show that the wars and tensions in the region are as a result of power struggles in the region and the control of energy resources.. Clearly, Iran depends on the energy resources to implement the nuclear program and as leverage over those who are against their nuclear program. Past research do not look in depth at the various reactions to Iran’s balance of power influence in the region. Hypothesis The major hypothesis in this study is that the actions of other world states and those in the Middle East will heavily depend on the US stand with regard to Iran’s power influence in the Middle East. This is because the US is the superpower and thus likely to influence other countries in their decisions. This implies that the major actors such as Israel and Egypt will look at the US as a diplomatic, economic and military guide to base their reactions on in regard to Iran’s activities9. Research Design and Methods It can be said that there is no region in the world affected by conflicts more than the Middle East. This problem in the region is further complicated by Irans nuclear weapon possession and how its neighbors are likely to perceive this if Iran is to be confirmed as the ninth nuclear state. This research paper relies on predictions on this kind of reactions by these countries towards Irans balance of power influence and this method is the â€Å"Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction†- LAMP method. However, current debates are concerned about stopping Iran from producing nuclear weapons; however other research papers have not looked in depth about the research questions10. However, my research through LAMP method of analysis will account for other things that are â€Å"overlooked† in Irans influence on the balance of power in the region that would give a decision maker the chance to make a more accurate assessment of the situation in the region11. The use of LAMP method for predicting the actions of the different states relative to Irans power influence in the region shall minimize biases, analytic â€Å"fallacies† and enable this research to accomplish its purpose that is debated in most of the scholarly books. None of the research books and other journals obtained in this topic used systematic analytic techniques such as LAMP, Delphi method, or the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This method gives a more accurate prediction of events. Limitations of the research methods and Analysis The LAMP method does not often look on the alternatives of the future events that make the predictions by this method one-sided. Therefore this method is likely to make this research method loom as if it is not in depth however the results presented show the real picture of the situation in the Middle East. Findings From this research, clearly Iran has a great influence in the Middle East countries. It uses strategies such as diplomatic power, information, military, and economic factors as â€Å"levers† to exert their influence in the Middle East countries12. However, it was discovered that not all the elements used by Iran to exert her influence in the Middle East countries are a negative13. Clearly, the methods used by Iran to influence her balance of power in these countries are â€Å"two-faced†14. One of the methods is the decision by the Iranian government to offer moral support to these countries while targeting their influence in the governments of these countries, and encouraging free elections for the Middle East countries although â€Å"manipulating† the election results in favor of their mission15. However, Irans diplomatic and political influence is the most outstanding. This research shows that Iran gives 85 percent support to the Middle East countrys parties and the politicians. The government of Iran develops political relationships with the Middle East political parties with an aim of providing them financial support. Irans supp ort for these political parties especially in Iraq helps the U.S. and Iraqs â€Å"efforts† of building democracy in the country16. However, the intention of Iran is to ensure that the political parties that rule such countries as Iraq are those that are friendly to the Iranian government. The information, economic and military influence by Iran over the Middle East countries is in line with the countrys mission of dominating the region in terms of her political influence. Irans economic influence has helped to stabilize trade in the region, promote transportation and economic development. However, 80 percent of these agreements are in favor of Iran and the country benefits more in the trade agreements because of the prices of commodities. The findings show that Iran has the power over the prices of goods and services and the goods involved in trade are cheaper in Iran than in the other Middle East countries. These differences in price make it difficult for goods and services of the other Middle East countries to compete with those of Iran. Irans efforts to increase her influence in the Middle East Countries have enabled it to increase her competition with the US. Clearly after the Invasion of Israel in Lebanon in 1982, and after the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war, the US has struggled to be in line with Irans influence in the region. The Islamic Republic has come up with strong relations with Syria and other non-state in the region. Iran however, has been active in her military influence especially in exploiting the Arab- Israel that has made it impossible for peace in the Arab-Israel countries. Nevertheless, the US has to deal with the Arab â€Å"hostility† to realize her strategic relations with Israel17. However, both Iran and the US face difficulties in dealing with Egypt, Syria, and other Arab countries. Iran and the US have both been competing in the influence of power in the Middle East. The US wants to bring stability in the region and reforma tions in democracy that has been affected as a result of the oil in the region. However, Iran wants to â€Å"spread† its religion of Islam and therefore her ideologies in Islam are the main concern for Iran18. Iran moreover, wants to promote â€Å"Shia† in the region and provide assistance for the terrorist hit countries19. The competition for control of the Middle East has been for long between the US and Iran. The research showed that USs main intention after taking Saddam Hussein from power was to dominate the region, remove the â€Å"counterinsurgency† groups and liberate the countries of the region. However, Iran supports some of the insurgent groups but the intention of Iran is to support the region in building the economy, and infrastructure. Changes in the Middle East regarding the uprisings and other political changes have affected the US policy in the region. Most of the years, the US policies have endured the region but the rise of the â€Å"Arab Spr ing† would change such activities by US in the region. The US policy in the region is shifting with such unrests in the region20. This research shows that even before the start of these changes, there was a problem in balancing the priorities in the Middle East. The priority of establishing stability in the region and that of ensuring that the US is protected through dealing with the terrorists and â€Å"counter-proliferation† enabled the rise of Iran as an influencing power in the Middle East that ensured that the US would not invade the Middle East region with the intention of bringing democracy and protecting human rights while it had her own selfish intentions21. Many believe that such cooperation of the Middle East countries was against the US military invasion in the region. However, the provision of assistance in terms of military by the US to its allies in the region to control â€Å"interstate† conflicts was seen further as a problem with the US allies i n the region, and the relationship of the regions countries with each other. For example, both Israel and Saudi Arabia might see the US as a friend to them while taking Iran as a major threat in the region. The region has long been characterized as by wars and interstate conflicts22. The Arab unrest has resulted in several changes in the region. The US policies are becoming a problem with Irans influence in the region and as a result of the unrest, and conflicts in the Middle East. There have been changes in the region such as: Public Opinions Power The public have done away with dictators in the region during the general elections and refuted the claim that the outside countries understand the Arab world better than them and they can help in dealing with the tensions in the region. The assumption that the US can now deal with the elite group in the region in the wake of such conflicts in the region has changed. However, it is not clear from this research the types of governments th at would be formed in those states that still undergoing changes as a result of the wars. The governments are not considering the public opinion and the groups that are seeking to bring changes in these countries. Even though the Arab uprisings do not believe that their main aim is the US policies in the region, writers believe that most of the Arab world citizens argue that their leaders have looked on their interests in favor of the US and other outside powers to get military assistance, and benefit in terms of trade. Their need to be more research to know how the upcoming leaders are dealing with the external policies more so regarding the Arab-Israel peace process. Islamist Support and Success This research found out that most of the public believe that the incorporation of Islam leaders in government may be the way forward for the regions long standing unrests. They believe that such religious leaders may help in seeing sympathy with the previously targeted people for â€Å"re pression†, there would be little competition from other parties, and a belief that the Islam parties are less corrupt because of their religion. Strategic Implications Clearly the US previously relied on her friends in the Arab region in doing away with forces such as Al Qaeda, Hama, Hezbollah, and other Islamic terrorist groups and the Iran and Syrian government during the cold war. However, the emergency of Iran in the region has affected US policy in the region and therefore the US does not have any influence in the region any longer. The Al-Qaeda groups have â€Å"embraced† the issue of change as the only important factor to do away with the opposition in the Middle East and to the corrupt governments23. The Arab unrest has resulted in the emergency of Iran as the â€Å"winners† as most of the US allies came under threat from the regions countries. He continues to assert that Irans influence is still growing as there is still a problem with the violence in Sy ria. This situation prompted Iran to protect her â€Å"regime† against such uprising24. The Hamas have put themselves away from the Syrian government while the Hezbollah supported it. This forced Iran to come up with ways to protect itself as the war in Syria would have had many consequences on Iran for its allies in Lebanon and Palestine. Israels Concerns and Peace Negotiations The government of Israel believed that the Arab unrest was a threat to Israels security as it would replace the allies of the country with Islamist governments that would be a problem to Israel. Therefore Irans influence in the region would be a more threat to Israel. Analysis The Iranian nuclear weapon program has been the issue in most of the world state over the security concern. However, most of the published reports in journals, and books look at Irans influence on the balance of power in the region rather than looking at the reactions of the various countries of the region such as Israel, and Eg ypt. Therefore this predictive study looks at Israel, Egypt, and the US while looking at Irans influence of power in the region. These three countries were selected in this research because each of them brings a specific point regarding the research questions. These three countries show the availability of enemies to Iran for example Israel, Egypt being a regional rival, and the US being the worlds superpower that is looking at Iran with some degree of â€Å"suspicion† and â€Å"anxiety†25. Each of the three countries has different perspectives regarding the research questions. The current debates and the content of books as researched do not put much emphasis on the reactions of the different countries to Irans balance of power influence in the region. However, history gives a more approach to the relationship between the US and Iran, Israel and Iran, or Egypt and Iran but not much information on the reactions of the three countries to Irans power influence in the reg ion. Most of the scholarly books tend to concentrate on the possibility actions of Egypt before Iran becomes a nuclear power threat, and what methods it will use as preventive measures against such nuclear weapons. However, most literature books and journals show that Iran would become a nuclear power and influence the decisions in the Middle East with time and this situation would be more complicated based on the reactions of the three countries and those of the Middle East regarding Irans influence in the region. The weakness of the present books and journals however do not accept the possibility of a major fall out in the world and security threat should Iran continue with her nuclear production. There are various reactions from the three countries relative to Irans influence of power in the region and the course of action has been influenced by the US and the relationship of the given country among the various Middle East countries. Through the LAMP method of analysis, Israel is likely to continue with its â€Å"status quo† to have its own nuclear weapons while depending on the US to put more pressure on Irans â€Å"diplomatic and economic† situations. Irans balance of power influence is likely to force countries such as Israel to declare them as nuclear weapon producers and pursue an â€Å"open deterrence† (Friedman 2011)26. This is likely to be as a blocking stone to Irans balance of power influence. Discussions Iran was one of the most powerful states both militarily and technologically when it was a Western ally country. However, much of its powers dropped drastically after the withdrawal of the Western advisor and the imposition of arms â€Å"embargo† by the US27. This made the country lose the Iran-Iraq war and its forces were weak, and Iran was unable to recover militarily after the war. Her influence in the Middle East is a strategy to gain her lost powers in the region and the country is looking for strategies to make n uclear weapons and this has enabled it to build one of the strongest forces in the Gulf. He further believes that Iran uses the membership of OPEC and energy resources as a source of â€Å"leverage† to influence its powers in the region28. Security of the Middle East countries has been deteriorating and therefore the influence of Iran in the region has a major role to play. â€Å"Insurgent† military in countries such as Iraq has been a threat to the development of that country. The activities of this militia have caused instability and violence in Iraq in the past. Even though the rise of Irans influence in the Middle East countries has worked in the reduction of such forces in Iraq, they still have the powers to cause insecurity in the country and â€Å"destabilize† Iraq29. The violence caused by this insurgent militia in Iraq had cause civil war in Iraq in 2006. Therefore, the influence of Iran on Iraq is to build good working relations with an intention of pr omoting good security in Iraq. This is the interest of Iran in the pursuit of her influence in the region. However, the Persian-Arabs cultural differences have been a problem to Irans mission of its influence. The influence of Iran on Iraq limitations as the more country becomes stable economically, the less it is likely that the country will have power influence in Iraq. Iran is an uncertain country in her decision making that makes it difficult to know the true objectives of her influence in the region. Moreover, it important to believe that Iran has her own intentions regarding its policies towards her balance of power influence in the region. A few writers may support the view that Irans regime in the region may â€Å"cling towards one principle objective†30. However, this research proofed that Irans goals for the balance of power influence in the region can be represented in a hierarchy form in the order of highest to lowest. According to Franssen 2010, if Iran achieves her goals ranked as the highest priority then it will focus its attention on achieving the next highest set of priorities. This has greatly contributed to the shift of power in the Middle East especially seeing Iran increase her dominance in the region. However, Irans influence in the region is affected by U.S. policy towards the region and some changes in Iran policy itself. The behavior of Iran and its influence in the Middle East has been eased by the possibility of the US using the attack on Iraq to invade Iran. I believed that the main intention for the US attack on Iraq was to get into Iran. Nevertheless, the fear of the emergence of strong and unified forces against Iran in the region would arise in effect to Saddams fall from power. This would act to destabilize Iran and the rise of civil wars in the region would be harmful for Iran. Therefore taking control over the region, would act as a defense mechanism and the fear drove this factor. Answering the Research Questions Why Iran has influenced the Balance of Power in the Middle East Iran has used several strategies to effect her power influence in the Middle East. The use of diplomacy and political engagement especially in Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein is worth noticing. This influence in Iraq was based on several factors. The involvement in the political and economic relations of Iraq was to ensure that Shiite dominated the Iraq power. This is because Iran wanted her Islamic religion to continue being in power as evidenced by their support of the Shiite whom shared the same religious background. Research shows that 60percent of Iraqs population consists of the Shiite. This group was oppressed during Saddams reign. Through this influence Iran would benefit through their military cooperation, energy and transportation sectors. During the Gulf war, most of the US soldiers did not help the Iraq Shia group, who wanted to overthrow Saddams government. The Iranian influences through the media has he lped to broadcast messages about the intention of the U.S. Government in the Middle East and helping to control US entry into the region. Reactions of major Actors The reactions of the major actors such as Israel, and Egypt to Iran’s influence in the Middle East are based on the influence of the US which is the world’s superpower. Conclusion The emergence of the Islamist activities and political parties in several countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya have raised a lot of concern about the power of the US state in partnership with the Islam-influenced governments. Protests in the Middle East have been driven by â€Å"legitimate grievances†31. The LAMP method of analysis enables the policy makers and the researcher to have a look on the possibility of any security threat in the world soon. By looking at the various reactions of Israel, Egypt and the US relative to Irans balance of power influence in the region, the method gives a clear picture of the Middle East situation. This research nevertheless adds to the already hot debates surrounding the Middle East in an analytical manner. This research, hopes that future research on this topic shall expound, remove some assumptions that are present in the scholarly articles and journals, and give an update on the latest developments regarding Irans influence in the Middle East. The situation of Iran is a security threat not only to the Middle East countries but also to the world. It is time for the world to find a solution to Irans nuclear balance of power influence. However, the influence of balance of power by Iran remains the US top foreign policy priority and among the G-20 states. This situation is likely to get worse should no action be taken in the most efficient manner. Bibliography Boucek, Christopher and Karim Sadjadpour. Rivals- Iran vs. Saudi Arabia. Sada, (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2011, p. 66-124). Link: http: Edelman, Eric et al. The dangers of a nuclear Iran: The limit s of containment. Foreign Affairs (Chicago: University of Chicago), 66-81. Etzioni Amitai. â€Å"Shifting Sands.† The Journal of International Security Affairs. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2011) Web. Fransen, Herman. ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond. The Middle East Journal 63, 4 (2009): 668-669. Friedman, George. â€Å"Syria, Iran and the Balance of Power in the Middle East.† Real Clear World, (2011) Web. Garrison, Jean and Ahad Abdurahmonov. â€Å"Explaining the Central Asian energy game: Complex interdependence and how small states influence their big neighbors.† Asian Perspective 35 (July-September 2011): 381-405. Kvale, Steinar. Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks California: Sage Publications (1996). Malley, Robert and Harling, Peter. Beyond moderates and militants. Foreign Affairs 89, 5 (2010): 18-29. Maloney, Suzanne. 2011. â€Å"Iran.† In The Arab Awakening: America and the Transformation of the Middle East, ed. Kenneth M Pollack, 258-267. New York: Brookings Institution Press. Muller, Philipp. 2011. â€Å"Driving Forces behind Alliance Building in the Middle East.† BIPS 01: 1-14. Nasri, Vali and Takeyh, Ray. The Costs of Containing Iran; Washingtons Misguided New Middle East Policy. Foreign Affairs 87, 1 (2008): 85-94. Oktav, Zeynep. The gulf states and Iran: a Turkish perspective. Middle East Policy 18, 2 (2011): 136-147. Pilisuk, Marc. Rountree Jeniffer and Pellegrini Gianina. Playing the imperial game: the mindset behind the attack on Iraq. Peace Research 40, 2 (2008): 39-59,112. Roshandel,Jalil and Nathan Chapman.2011. Iran, Israel, and the United States: Regime Security vs. Political Legitimacy. New York: ABC-CLIO. Slackman, Michael. 2011. â€Å"Arab Unrest Propels Iran as Saudi Influence Declines.† The New York Times,p. 123-8. Web. Ulrichsen, Kristian. Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States. Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. Footn otes 1. Etzioni Amitai. â€Å"Shifting Sands.† The Journal of International Security Affairs. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2011) 2.. Boucek, Christopher and Karim Sadjadpour. Rivals- Iran vs. Saudi Arabia. Sada,(Chicago: University of Chicago, 2011) 3. Ibid., p. 110 4. Ulrichsen, Kristian. Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States. Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. 5.Ibid., p. 40 6. Oktav, Zeynep. The gulf states and Iran: a Turkish perspective. Middle East Policy 18, 2 (2011): 136-147. 7.Ibid., p.138 8. Maloney, Suzanne. 2011. â€Å"Iran.† In The Arab Awakening: America and the Transformation of the Middle East, ed. Kenneth M Pollack, 258-267. New York: Brookings Institution Press. 9. Ulrichsen, Kristian. Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States. Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. 10. Ulrichsen, Kristian. Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States. Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. 11. Edelman, Eric. The dang ers of a nuclear Iran: The limits of containment. Foreign Affairs (Chicago: University of Chicago), 66-81. 12 Ibid., p. 81 13.Ibid., p.69 14. Ibid., p.58 15.Ibid., p. 70 16.Ibid., p. 80 17. Kvale, Steinar. Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks California: Sage Publications (1996). 18. Ulrichsen, Kristian. Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States. Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. 19.Ibid., p.58 20. Nasri, Vali and Takeyh, Ray. The Costs of Containing Iran; Washingtons Misguided New Middle East Policy. Foreign Affairs 87, 1 (2008): 85-94. 21.Ibid., p. 86 22.Ibid., p. 90 23. Maloney, Suzanne. 2011. â€Å"Iran.† In The Arab Awakening: America and the Transformation of the Middle East, ed. Kenneth M Pollack, 258-267. New York: Brookings Institution Press. 24.Ibid., p. 259 25. Garrison, Jean and Ahad Abdurahmonov. â€Å"Explaining the Central Asian energy game: Complex interdependence and how small states influence the ir big neighbors.† Asian Perspective 35 (July-September 2011): 381-405. 26. Fransen, Herman. ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond. The Middle East Journal 63, 4 (2009): 668-669 27.Ibid., p. 668 28.Ibid., p. 669 29.Ibid., p. 668 30. Roshandel,Jalil and Nathan Chapman.2011. Iran, Israel, and the United States: Regime Security Vs. Political Legitimacy. New York: ABC-CLIO. 31. Kvale, Steinar. Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks California: Sage Publications (1996).